Table of Contents
GLP-1 Peptides
GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) receptor agonists are peptides that activate the GLP-1 receptor, mimicking the action of the endogenous hormone GLP-1. These peptides have gained significant attention for their effects on glucose metabolism, appetite regulation, and weight management.
Semaglutide
Key Research Findings
- Accelerated tendon healing in animal models
- Reduced inflammation in various tissues
- Protective effects on intestinal tissue
- Potential to protect against certain drug toxicities
Molecular Structure
15-amino acid peptide derived from a protective protein found in gastric juice.
Half-life
Relatively short half-life, typically requiring once or twice daily administration.
TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)
Mechanism of Action
TB-500 is a synthetic version of the naturally occurring peptide Thymosin Beta-4. It promotes cell migration and proliferation, enhances angiogenesis, modulates inflammation, and upregulates actin, a protein essential for cell structure and movement.
Research Applications
- Soft tissue repair
- Wound healing
- Inflammation reduction
- Cardiac tissue protection
Research Dosage Range
Typically studied at 2-5mg twice weekly for 4-6 weeks, followed by a maintenance phase.
Key Research Findings
- Increased blood vessel formation in wound sites
- Improved flexibility in tendons and ligaments
- Cardiac protective effects in animal models
- Potentially accelerated recovery from tissue damage
Molecular Structure
43-amino acid peptide that is a synthetic fragment of the protein thymosin beta-4.
Half-life
Short half-life of several hours, though its effects may persist longer due to its mechanism of action.
Cognitive & Neuroprotective Peptides
Cognitive and neuroprotective peptides are compounds that may support brain health, enhance cognitive function, or provide protective effects for neurons. These peptides are of interest in aging research and neurodegenerative disease studies.
Semax
Mechanism of Action
Semax is a synthetic peptide derived from ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). It modulates the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other neurotrophic factors, enhances dopamine and serotonin metabolism, and has neuroprotective properties.
Research Applications
- Cognitive enhancement
- Neuroprotection
- Stress resistance
- Stroke recovery research
Research Dosage Range
Typically studied at 300-1200mcg daily, administered intranasally or subcutaneously.
Key Research Findings
- Enhanced memory and learning in experimental models
- Neuroprotective effects in ischemia models
- Increased BDNF levels in the brain
- Potential anxiolytic effects
Molecular Structure
Heptapeptide with the sequence Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro, corresponding to ACTH(4-10).
Half-life
Relatively short half-life, though intranasal administration may prolong its effects in the CNS.
Selank
Mechanism of Action
Selank is a synthetic peptide based on the human tetrapeptide tuftsin with an added stabilizing sequence. It modulates the expression of BDNF, affects serotonin systems, and interacts with GABA neurotransmission.
Research Applications
- Anxiety reduction
- Cognitive enhancement
- Immune modulation
- Stress resilience
Research Dosage Range
Typically studied at 300-900mcg daily, administered intranasally.
Key Research Findings
- Anxiolytic effects without sedation
- Potential cognitive enhancement in some models
- Stabilization of enkephalins in the body
- Immune-boosting properties
Molecular Structure
Heptapeptide with the sequence Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro, based on the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin.
Half-life
Relatively short half-life, though intranasal administration provides direct access to the CNS.
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Mechanism of Action
SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted peptide that binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It helps stabilize mitochondrial cristae, improves electron transport chain efficiency, reduces reactive oxygen species production, and enhances ATP synthesis.
Research Applications
- Mitochondrial function enhancement
- Neurodegenerative disease research
- Cardioprotection
- Age-related diseases
Research Dosage Range
Typically studied at 4-40mg daily in human clinical trials.
Key Research Findings
- Improved mitochondrial function in various tissues
- Reduced oxidative stress in experimental models
- Potential benefits in age-related macular degeneration
- Protective effects in models of neurodegenerative disease
Molecular Structure
Tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2, designed to target and concentrate in mitochondria.
Half-life
Short half-life in circulation, though its mitochondrial targeting properties may prolong its effects at the cellular level.
Immune System Peptides
Immune system peptides are compounds that modulate immune function, including thymic peptides that help regulate T-cell development and function. These peptides are researched for their potential in supporting immune health and addressing immune-related conditions.
Thymalin
Mechanism of Action
Thymalin is a polypeptide complex isolated from the thymus gland. It regulates T-cell differentiation and function, stimulates immune response, and modulates cytokine production.
Research Applications
- Immune system support
- Age-related immune decline
- Infection resistance
- Inflammatory conditions
Research Dosage Range
Typically studied at 5-20mg administered every 3-7 days.
Key Research Findings
- Increased T-lymphocyte counts in some studies
- Restored thymic function in aging models
- Potential benefits in recovery from infections
- Immunomodulatory effects without overstimulation
Molecular Structure
Complex mixture of peptides isolated from the thymus with molecular weights of approximately 5-10 kDa.
Half-life
Variable half-life, though effects may persist for several days due to its mechanism of action.
Common Protocols & Combinations
Many research protocols utilize combinations of peptides to achieve synergistic effects. Below are some common combinations studied in research settings:
GLP-1 + Amylin
The combination of GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide) with amylin analogs (cagrilintide) is being studied for potentially enhanced weight loss effects through complementary mechanisms of action.
CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin
This combination utilizes the synergistic effects of a GHRH analog (CJC-1295) with a ghrelin mimetic (Ipamorelin) to potentially enhance growth hormone release beyond what either peptide might achieve alone.
BPC-157 + TB-500
These recovery peptides are often researched together for their complementary mechanisms in supporting tissue repair, with BPC-157 providing localized healing effects and TB-500 promoting systemic recovery and angiogenesis.
Semax + Selank
This cognitive enhancement combination pairs the more stimulating and focus-enhancing properties of Semax with the anxiolytic and stress-reducing effects of Selank.
Preparation & Storage
Proper preparation and storage are crucial for maintaining peptide stability and efficacy in research settings. Here are general guidelines for handling peptides:
Reconstitution
- Use bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) for most peptides
- Some peptides may require specific diluents (sterile water, acetic acid solution)
- Gently swirl vial to dissolve - never shake vigorously
- Allow peptide to fully dissolve before use
- Calculate concentration using our Peptide Calculator
Storage - Lyophilized (Powder)
- Store in freezer (-20°C) for long-term storage
- Most lyophilized peptides stable for 2+ years when stored properly
- Protect from light, heat, and moisture
- Allow to reach room temperature before opening to prevent moisture condensation
Storage - Reconstituted
- Store in refrigerator (2-8°C) for most peptides
- Typical stability is 2-4 weeks when refrigerated
- Some peptides (especially GHRPs) may require freezing even after reconstitution
- Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
- Protect from light
Handling Tips
- Use sterile technique when reconstituting and drawing peptides
- Wipe vial tops with alcohol swab before insertion
- Use new sterile syringe and needle for each procedure
- Insulin syringes (29-31G) are typically used for measurement
- Discard any discolored or cloudy solutions
Important Disclaimer
All peptides sold on this website are for research purposes only. They are not intended for human consumption, veterinary use, or as medical products. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a licensed healthcare professional before starting any new health program.